{"id":189190,"date":"2024-05-30T20:19:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T18:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/actualidadvalencia.com\/passejantvalencia\/?p=189190"},"modified":"2024-05-30T20:19:23","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T18:19:23","slug":"el-torn-on-sabandonaven-els-nadons-a-valencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/actualidadvalencia.com\/passejantvalencia\/el-torn-on-sabandonaven-els-nadons-a-valencia\/","title":{"rendered":"El \u201ctorn\u201d on s’abandonaven els nadons a Val\u00e8ncia."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Quan el rei Jaume I va conquerir Val\u00e8ncia als musulmans l’any 1238, va disposar la creaci\u00f3 de l’Hospital de Sant Vicent per atendre els pelegrins que arribaven a la ciutat de tot arreu dels regnes cristians europeus a visitar el lloc on es deia descansaven les restes del cos de Sant Vicent M\u00e0rtir, actualment esdevingut monestir de Sant Vicent de la Roqueta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En aquest hospital tamb\u00e9 es recollien els xiquets anomenats \u201cexp\u00f2sits\u201d, es a dir, els nadons que havien sigut abandonats pels seus pares despr\u00e9s del seu naixement. Aix\u00ed ho assenyalava l’historiador i eclesi\u00e0stic Gaspar Juan Escolano, quan relatava que all\u00e0 \u201cse guarec\u00edan los enfermos, los ni\u00f1os huerfanitos se criauan, i los bordezillos echadizos se recogian<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A principis del segle XIV, dos nous hospitals s’afegirien a la feina de recollir els nounats abandonats: el de la Reina o de Santa Ll\u00facia, que s’ubicava prop del convent de Sant Francesc (actualment pla\u00e7a de l’Ajuntament), i el de En Clapers, situat al principi del carrer Morvedre, a hores d\u2019ara de Sagunt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amb la reunificaci\u00f3 dels hospitals de la ciutat de Val\u00e8ncia, decretada pel rei Ferran el Cat\u00f2lic l’any 1512, la recollida i cura dels xiquets exp\u00f2sits va passar al recent creat \u201cSant Hospital General de Val\u00e8ncia\u201d, que fins aquell moment havia acollit als bojos i dements de la ciutat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per poder recollir amb seguretat i anonimat els nadons que els seus pares abandonaven, s’habilit\u00e0 al mur existent al costat de l’entrada principal al nou recinte religi\u00f3s-hospitalari un \u201ctorn\u201d<\/strong>. El torn, originari de la It\u00e0lia medieval, era un dispositiu cil\u00edndric adossat a un mur que girava sobre un eix, amb un costat obert al carrer on es dipositava el xiquet que s’abandonava. Per mitj\u00e0 d’una campaneta s’avisava des de l’exterior que s’havia produ\u00eft un abandonament, per a despr\u00e9s des de l’interior girar el mecanisme per recuperar-ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Antic gravat que mostra com uns pares abandonaven el seu nad\u00f3 en un torn.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Gravat que mostra el moment en qu\u00e8 unes monges arrepleguen un nad\u00f3 tot just abandonat en un torn.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L’actual carrer anomenat del Torn de l’Hospital<\/strong> ens recorda on s’hi ubicava, ja que desembocava davant del mur de l’hospital molt a prop d’on es trovaba el dit torn.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Porta principal de l’Hospital General. La fletxa assenyala el lloc aproximat del mur on s’ubicava l’antic torn, abans de ser traslladat al carrer del Fumeral, actual de Quevedo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"
Carrer del Torn de l’Hospital, en la conflu\u00e8ncia amb el carrer de l’Hospital General (fotografia pr\u00f2pia).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Pl\u00e0nol de l’Hospital General de Val\u00e8ncia encarregat pel marqu\u00e9s de Malaespina l’any 1749. En el n\u00famero 82 es localitza el torn per als xiquets exp\u00f2sits.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El torn va estar ubicat en aquest lloc fins a l’any 1763, en qu\u00e8 va ser traslladat al mur de l’Hospital que es trobava a l’actual carrer Quevedo, llavors anomenat del Fumeral, al costat de la porta que donava a aquest carrer i de la recent constru\u00efda esgl\u00e9sia, que en el segle XIX va prendre el nom de Sant Carles Borromeo. Actualment \u00e9s seu de la Universitat Cat\u00f2lica.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"
Fotografies del torn de l’Hospital General, ubicat al carrer Quevedo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"
Fotografia actual del carrer Quevedo i de l’antiga esgl\u00e9sia de Sant Carles Borromeo, actual Universitat Cat\u00f2lica. La fletxa assenyala la posici\u00f3 aproximada on s’ubicava el torn (fotografia pr\u00f2pia).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Aquests xiquets exp\u00f2sits, als quals es batejaven d’acord amb el dia del santoral en qu\u00e8 havien estat recollits, se’ls posava el cognom d’Exp\u00f3sito<\/em>. En els diferents territoris de la Corona d’Arag\u00f3 se’ls coneixien per diversos noms. A l’antic Regne de Val\u00e8ncia se’ls coneixia com a \u201cborts\u201d, i de vegades se’ls posava Bort<\/em> com a cognom. A Catalunya se’ls solia posar el cognom de Deulofeu <\/em>(D\u00e9u lo feu), i a Arag\u00f3 el cognom de Gracia<\/em>, al\u00b7ludint a la idea que havien sobreviscut “per la gr\u00e0cia de D\u00e9u”.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Sala de cunes de l’Hospital General, (ca. 1900).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’indret on antigament s’abandonaven els nadons tot just nascuts…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":140,"featured_media":189200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1452],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-189190","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-edificis-esglesies-construccions-i-monuments-historics-de-valencia"},"yoast_head":"\nEl \u201ctorn\u201d on s'abandonaven els nadons a Val\u00e8ncia.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'indret on antigament s'abandonaven els nadons tot just nascuts...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/actualidadvalencia.com\/passejantvalencia\/el-torn-on-sabandonaven-els-nadons-a-valencia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" 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